(a) work from whole to part
(b) work from part to whole
(c) work from line to area
(d) work from point to area

Principle of Surveying :- Working from whole to the part is the rulling principle in surveying.
It involves using methods which are accurate but no more so than necessary. This is best examplified in the case of large surveys covering a whole contry or region.
The principle of fixing a point in relation to points already located is based on the fact that it is always possible to select two points in the area to be surveyed, and measure the distance between them